Childhood immunization

Immunization enables the body to recognize and destroy disease agents. The importance of immunizing cannot be overemphasized, writes PATRICK OMUGA.

What is immunization?

Immunization, also known as vaccination, works by stimulating the immune system—the natural disease fighting system of the body. A healthy immune system is able to recognize invading bacteria and viruses and produce substances (antibodies) to destroy or disable these invading enemies. Immunization prepares the immune system to fight disease. To immunize against a viral disease, a killed version of the virus is introduced into the body. A small portion of the dead bacteria is used to stimulate the formation of antibodies against the live bacteria which may attack the body.

What is booster immunization?

The effectiveness of immunization can be improved by periodic repeat injections or ‘boosters’. These are additional injections given later, after the normal first-time immunization schedule is over. They increase the sensitivity of the immune system to the related diseases. Tetanus and polio boosters are examples.

Why should my child be immunized?

Immunization is a cost-effective method of controlling, preventing and eliminating disease. This will prevent sickness, disability from diseases like polio, or even death. Immunization therefore improves the quality and length of life. For instance, small pox was eliminated through concerted immunization programmes and there are efforts to eradicate polio as well.

Where can you get immunization?

Your child can be vaccinated free of charge in any government medical institution such as health centres, and sub-district, district or provincial hospitals. Immunization services are also available at a fee in some private institutions.

Is immunization always effective?

Not always. Some factors interfere with the effectiveness of your vaccine such as the expiry date of the vaccine, age of the child when the vaccine is given, and the ability of the child to generate an immune response.

Why must you keep immunization records?

This is important to confirm to the doctor the vaccinations that your child has received during each hospital visit. It is also important when you are traveling to another country or entering into a new institution e.g. school.

END: BL 05/56